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Politics & Philosophies
Module 2 · Political systems, ideologies, and foundational thinkers.
Political Systems
Ideologies
Political Philosophy
Political Systems
- Democracy: Direct vs representative, parliamentary vs presidential
- Federalism: Center-state relations, autonomy, cooperative federalism
- Secularism: Models of state-religion relations, Indian secularism
- Socialism and Capitalism: Mixed economies, welfare states
- Authoritarianism vs Totalitarianism: Key distinctions and historical examples
Major Ideologies
- Liberalism: Individual rights, free markets, constitutional governance
- Conservatism: Tradition, gradual change, social stability
- Socialism: Collective ownership, equality, welfare
- Communism: Marxist theory, class struggle, historical materialism
- Nationalism: Civic vs ethnic, role in independence movements
- Environmentalism and Green Politics: Sustainability, climate justice
Key Philosophers & Thinkers
- Plato and Aristotle: Ideal state, citizenship, virtue
- Machiavelli: Realism in politics, power
- Hobbes, Locke, Rousseau: Social contract theory
- John Stuart Mill: Liberty, utilitarianism, representative government
- Gandhi: Non-violence, swaraj, trusteeship
- Ambedkar: Social justice, annihilation of caste, constitutional morality
Resources
Note: This is a template. Add YouTube links, book recommendations, and concise notes here as the syllabus evolves.